The Escalation of Conflict: Azerbaijan’s Offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh

Escalation in Nagorno-Karabakh: A Dangerous Flashpoint Rekindled

On September 19, 2023, Azerbaijan launched what it called an “anti-terrorist operation” in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. This move has reignited tensions in the long-standing conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, resulting in heavy bombardment and loss of life, further exacerbating one of the world’s most persistent territorial disputes.

A History of Conflict

The dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh dates back to the early 20th century when the region, populated primarily by ethnic Armenians, was incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan. However, with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the region sought independence, leading to years of violent conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Two major wars have been fought over Nagorno-Karabakh in the past three decades, most recently in 2020. The conflicts resulted in immense human suffering, displacement, and loss of life on both sides. A Moscow-brokered ceasefire was finally agreed upon in 2020, with Russian peacekeepers deployed to the region to prevent further escalation.

Simmering Tensions and Humanitarian Crisis

Tensions have been simmering in the region for months, triggered by Azerbaijan‘s blockade of the Lachin corridor in December 2022. This blockade severed the only road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, effectively cutting off essential supplies, including food, to the approximately 120,000 people living in the enclave. This led to a dire humanitarian crisis, deepening the suffering of the already vulnerable population.

Amidst this backdrop, Azerbaijan‘s recent military offensive has further escalated the situation. Armenian media and local authorities have reported heavy bombardment of the regional capital, Stepanakert, resulting in casualties and damage to infrastructure. The Armenian government has categorically denied Azerbaijan‘s claims that Armenian forces opened fire on Azeri combat outposts.

The Response and Accusations

Both sides have responded to the escalation with strong statements and accusations. Azerbaijan‘s defense ministry has demanded the withdrawal of Armenian troops and the dissolution of the government in Stepanakert. They have labeled their campaign as an “anti-terrorist” operation, claiming to target legitimate military targets.

Armenia, on the other hand, has accused Azerbaijan of moving towards the physical destruction of the civilian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. They argue that their assistance to the region is purely humanitarian, attributing the crisis to Azerbaijan‘s blockade of the Lachin corridor.

The Role of Russia and International Responses

Russia, as a long-term ally to Armenia and the mediator in the 2020 ceasefire, has faced criticism for allegedly failing to prevent Azerbaijan‘s military action in Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia’s Prime Minister, Nikol Pashinyan, expressed his disappointment in Russia’s lack of prior warning and called for swift action from the Russian peacekeeping forces and the UN Security Council.

Meanwhile, the international community has expressed concern over the escalation and the potential for further bloodshed. The European Union’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Josep Borrell, condemned the attack and underscored the need to protect the local population. France has called for an urgent UN Security Council meeting to address the situation.

The Urgent Need for Diplomatic Solutions

As the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh escalates once again, it is imperative to recognize the human cost and the potential for further violence and suffering. Diplomatic efforts must be intensified to bring the warring parties to the negotiation table.

United Nations-mediated talks, with the involvement of international stakeholders, should aim to ensure a sustainable and inclusive solution that respects the rights and aspirations of both Armenia and Azerbaijan. The international community must exert pressure on both sides to cease hostilities, seek peaceful resolutions, and prioritize the well-being of the affected civilian population.

A Times of Opportunity or Further Discord?

While the recent military offensive by Azerbaijan has further complicated the peace process, it is crucial not to lose sight of the underlying issues that fuel this conflict. The historical and territorial complexities, combined with ethnic and national tensions, make the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute one of the most challenging conflicts to resolve.

However, this renewed escalation can also serve as an opportunity for international actors, particularly those with influence in the region, to play a constructive role in mediating a lasting peace. The involvement of Russia, the United States, and other influential countries can bring fresh perspectives and promote a sense of shared responsibility for the future stability and security of the region.

Ultimately, what is needed now is a genuine commitment to dialogue, empathy for the suffering of all parties involved, and a recognition that true peace and stability can only be achieved through diplomatic negotiations and respect for the principles of international law.

Unless this approach is embraced, the people of Nagorno-Karabakh will continue to bear the brunt of the conflict, and the cycle of violence and suffering will persist, robbing future generations of the peace and prosperity they deserve.